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Disclaimer: This information is for patients in the United Kingdom. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet that comes with your medicine and speak with your GP or pharmacist if you have questions.

What is co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin / clavulanic acid)?

Co-amoxiclav is an antibiotic medicine that combines two active ingredients: amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The amoxicillin part kills many common bacteria that cause infections. The clavulanic acid helps by blocking certain bacterial enzymes that would otherwise make amoxicillin less effective.

It is used to treat a range of infections caused by bacteria that respond to this combination. These can include some chest infections, sinus infections, ear infections, throat infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and certain urinary tract infections. Your clinician will decide if co-amoxiclav is appropriate for your specific illness based on how likely it is that the infection is caused by susceptible bacteria.

Co-amoxiclav is available in different forms, typically as tablets or an oral suspension (a liquid you drink). The exact strength and formulation you receive depend on your age, weight, and the severity of the infection. It should be used only if prescribed for you and according to the patient information leaflet that accompanies the medicine.

In the United Kingdom, access to co-amoxiclav may require a prescription depending on local rules and the specific product. Do not share medicines with others and do not use someone else’s prescription. Store the medicine as directed on the packaging and keep it out of reach of children.

What is co-amoxiclav used for?

Co-amoxiclav is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections where the producer bacteria are susceptible to the combination. These infections commonly include respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia, sinus infections, ear infections (otitis media), dental infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections. It may also be used for certain gynecological infections or intra-abdominal infections when indicated by a clinician.

Your clinician will assess whether your illness is likely caused by bacteria that respond to co-amoxiclav. It is not effective against infections caused by viruses, such as the common cold, flu, or most cases of sore throats that are viral in origin. If symptoms do not improve or worsen after starting treatment, contact your GP or pharmacist for advice.

Always use co-amoxiclav exactly as prescribed. Do not use the medicine for a longer period than advised, and do not switch to a different antibiotic without medical guidance. If you have questions about whether this medicine is suitable for a certain infection, ask your clinician or pharmacist for clarification.

In some situations, your clinician may choose a different antibiotic based on your medical history, the severity of the infection, or results from laboratory tests. If your symptoms remain after finishing the course, or you have recurrent infections, seek medical advice for further assessment and management.

How does co-amoxiclav work?

Amoxicillin works by interrupting the formation of the bacterial cell wall, which is essential for bacteria to survive. When the cell wall cannot be formed properly, bacteria are more likely to die, helping to clear the infection.

Clavulanic acid blocks beta-lactamase enzymes produced by some bacteria. These enzymes can protect bacteria from antibiotics like amoxicillin by breaking down the drug. By inhibiting these enzymes, clavulanic acid helps amoxicillin work more effectively against a broader range of bacteria.

Together, the two components broaden the spectrum of activity and can treat infections caused by bacteria that might be less responsive to amoxicillin alone. It is important to remember that antibiotics target bacteria, not viruses, and are used only when a bacterial infection is suspected or confirmed.

As with all antibiotics, the use of co-amoxiclav should be guided by medical assessment and the treatment plan for your specific infection. Misuse or overuse can contribute to antibiotic resistance and may increase the risk of side effects. If you have questions about how this medicine works for you, discuss them with your clinician or pharmacist.

How to use co-amoxiclav

Always follow the instructions provided by your clinician and the patient information leaflet that accompanies your medicine. If anything is unclear, ask a pharmacist or your GP for explanation before starting the treatment.

Co-amoxiclav tablets are usually swallowed with a drink of water. The oral suspension should be shaken well before use to ensure the correct dose is taken. Do not chew or crush tablets unless the leaflet explicitly says it is safe to do so. Some formulations can be taken with food to reduce stomach upset, but follow the specific guidance for your product.

Take the medicine at regular intervals as prescribed. Space doses evenly over the day to maintain a steady level of medicine in your body. Do not change the dose or frequency without discussing it with a healthcare professional.

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a forgotten dose. If you are unsure what to do, contact your GP or pharmacist for guidance.

Finish the full course of treatment unless your clinician tells you to stop early. Stopping early can allow the infection to come back or lead to antibiotic resistance. If your symptoms improve before the course ends, continue taking the remaining medicine exactly as directed.

Store the medicine according to the packaging instructions. Keep it in a safe place away from children. Do not use out-of-date products. If the medicine is a liquid, discard any remaining suspension after the stated expiry date and follow the storage instructions on the bottle.

Who should avoid co-amoxiclav?

Do not take co-amoxiclav if you have a known allergy to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, penicillins, or any of the other ingredients in the product. A history of previous allergic reaction to this medicine or related antibiotics is important information for your clinician to know.

Inform your clinician if you have damaged or missing kidney or liver function, a history of liver problems, or other significant medical conditions. Dose adjustments or alternative medicines may be considered in such cases, and close monitoring may be advised.

If you are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or breastfeeding, talk with your clinician before using co-amoxiclav. Some medicines are not recommended during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, or require special monitoring. Do not start or stop any medication during pregnancy without professional guidance.

People who have had a mononucleosis infection with persistent fever and sore throat may develop a rash if treated with certain antibiotics, including some penicillin-type medicines. If you are unsure about your medical history, discuss it with your clinician before starting co-amoxiclav.

Warnings

Allergic reactions to antibiotics can be serious. Seek urgent medical help if you notice signs such as swelling of the face or lips, trouble breathing, or a severe skin reaction. Stop taking the medicine and contact a clinician right away if these occur.

Inform your clinician if you develop persistent or severe diarrhoea, especially if it is associated with fever or blood in the stools. This could indicate a more serious intestinal infection and may require medical attention. Do not use anti-diarrhoeal medicines unless advised by a healthcare professional.

Clavulanic acid and amoxicillin can affect liver function in rare cases. Seek medical advice if you notice yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, severe fatigue, or upper right abdominal pain, which may indicate liver problems.

Prolonged or repeated use of antibiotics can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the gut and lead to secondary infections such as thrush or vaginal yeast infections. If you notice unusual discharge, itching, or discomfort, talk to your clinician for assessment and treatment options.

Possible side effects

Most people tolerate co-amoxiclav well, but side effects can occur. Commonly reported effects include stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, or mild diarrhoea. Taking the medicine with food (if advised) may help reduce stomach upset for some people.

Some individuals may develop a skin rash or itching. If this happens, or if you suspect an allergic reaction, contact your clinician or pharmacist for advice. Seek immediate medical help if you experience swelling of the face or throat, severe skin reactions, or trouble breathing.

Less commonly, antibiotics can cause changes in the balance of bacteria in the gut, leading to persistent diarrhoea or a more serious infection called Clostridioides difficile infection. If you have watery stools for several days or you notice blood in the stool, seek medical advice promptly.

Rarely, co-amoxiclav can cause liver problems, severe skin reactions, or seizures. If you notice unusual symptoms such as severe abdominal pain with vomiting, severe skin reactions, or confusion, contact a clinician urgently.

Drug interactions

Tell your clinician about all medicines you take, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Some medicines can interact with co-amoxiclav and may require dose adjustments or closer monitoring.

Some medicines may interact with co-amoxiclav to increase the risk of side effects or reduce the effectiveness of either medicine. Examples include certain blood thinners, kidney or liver medicines, and some oral contraceptives. Always discuss with your clinician if you take any of these medicines or other medicines you are unsure about.

• Anticoagulants such as warfarin or similar medicines, which may require monitoring of blood clotting parameters.
• Allopurinol, which can increase the chance of a skin reaction in rare cases.
• Methotrexate, where the combination could affect how well it works or raise side effects.
• Oral contraceptives: while evidence varies, some clinicians advise additional contraception during antibiotic courses and for a short period after finishing treatment.
• Probenecid or other medicines that affect kidney function, which could alter antibiotic levels.

If you start a new medicine while taking co-amoxiclav, contact your clinician or pharmacist to check for interactions. Do not stop or change medicines without professional guidance.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Pregnancy should be considered carefully when choosing any antibiotic. If you are pregnant or planning pregnancy, discuss the potential benefits and risks with your clinician before starting co-amoxiclav. The medicine may be prescribed if the clinician believes the benefits outweigh any potential risks.

Clavulanic acid and amoxicillin can pass into breast milk. If you are breastfeeding, talk with your clinician about the best treatment option for you and your baby. In some cases, this medicine may be appropriate, but the clinician may monitor the baby for any signs of side effects.

Always inform your clinician if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding before starting treatment. Do not start or stop any antibiotics without professional guidance during pregnancy or while nursing.

If you have any concerns about the safety of co-amoxiclav in your situation, seek a consultation with your GP or a pharmacist for personalised advice.

Frequently asked questions

How quickly does co-amoxiclav start working?

Many infections begin to respond within a couple of days of starting treatment, but it can take longer for symptoms to improve. If you do not notice any improvement within a few days, or if symptoms worsen, contact your clinician for further advice.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one. If you are unsure, contact your GP or pharmacist for guidance.

Can I stop taking co-amoxiclav when I start to feel better?

No. It is important to finish the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if you feel well. Stopping early can allow the infection to return and may contribute to antibiotic resistance.

Can co-amoxiclav be taken with other medicines?

Always tell your clinician about all medicines you take. Some medicines can interact with co-amoxiclav, requiring adjustments or extra monitoring. Do not start or stop medicines based on a guess without professional advice.

Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking co-amoxiclav?

Moderate alcohol intake is not known to cause a serious interaction with this antibiotic for most people, but alcohol can irritate the stomach and worsen certain side effects. If you notice heightened stomach upset after drinking, reduce or avoid alcohol during treatment.

Can children take co-amoxiclav?

Co-amoxiclav can be prescribed for children when the infection is considered appropriate for this antibiotic. The dose for children depends on their weight and age, and the liquid formulation may be used for younger patients. Always follow the clinician’s instructions and the product leaflet.

What should I do if I have an allergic reaction?

Seek urgent medical help if you notice signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face or lips, tongue, difficulty breathing, or a widespread rash. Stop taking the medicine and tell a clinician immediately.

What if I develop persistent diarrhoea while using co-amoxiclav?

Persistent or severe diarrhoea can be a sign of a secondary infection or other complications. Contact your clinician promptly. Do not use anti-diarrhoeal medicines unless advised by a healthcare professional.

Will co-amoxiclav affect my contraception?

Some antibiotics can interact with hormonal birth control methods. If you are using an oral contraceptive, discuss this with your clinician. You may be advised to use additional methods of contraception during treatment and for a short period after finishing the antibiotic course.

When should I seek medical advice during treatment?

Contact your clinician if you develop severe side effects, if you have signs of an allergic reaction, if your symptoms do not improve after a few days of treatment, or if you have fever that persists or worsens. Seek urgent medical help if you experience any severe symptoms or dehydration.

Sources

The information in this page reflects standard, patient-oriented guidance for co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin / clavulanic acid) commonly used in the United Kingdom. It draws on general and widely available educational materials used in primary care and pharmacy practice.

For the most accurate dosing, safety information, and product-specific guidance, refer to the official patient leaflet provided with your medicine and consult your GP or local pharmacist. Your healthcare professional can tailor advice to your individual health needs and medical history.

This page is intended to support discussion with healthcare professionals. It is not a definitive medical directive and should not replace professional medical judgement. If you have concerns about your treatment, please contact a clinician for personalised advice.

Always follow local rules and regulations regarding antibiotic use and prescription requirements. If you need more information, your pharmacist can be a good resource for questions about how to take this medicine safely and effectively.